Here’s the glass bottle screen printing and spray coating processes, including key steps, technical terms, and industry standards:

1. Glass Bottle Screen Printing Process

1.1 Preparation

-Materials & Tools:

-Screen Mesh:Custom-made photosensitive stencil (polyester or stainless steel mesh).

-Ink:Glass-specific ink (high-temperature resistant, e.g., UV-curable or ceramic-frit ink).

-Squeegee: Rubber or polyurethane blade (hardness: 60–80 Shore A).

- Fixture: Precision alignment jig for bottle positioning.

1.2 Step-by-Step Process

1. Surface Cleaning:

- Degrease with isopropyl alcohol or specialized cleaners to remove dust/oil.

2. Screen Alignment:

- Secure the screen onto the printing machine; align with the bottle using optical sensors or mechanical guides.

3. Ink Application:

- Pour ink onto the screen; apply uniform pressure (45–60° angle) with the squeegee to transfer the pattern.

4. Curing:

- UV Ink: Instant curing under UV lamps (1–3 seconds).

- Thermal-Cure Ink: Pre-dry in a conveyor oven (150–200°C for 5–10 minutes).

5. Multi-Color Printing:

- Repeat steps with aligned screens for each color, curing between layers.

1.3 Post-Processing & Quality Control**

- High-Temperature Firing (optional):

- For ceramic-frit ink: Fire at 500–600°C (integrated with annealing) to bond ink permanently.

- Inspection:

- Check for clarity, color consistency, and edge sharpness.

- Adhesion Test: Use tape peel-off method (ASTM D3359 standard).

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2. Glass Bottle Spray Coating Process

2.1 Coating Types

- Functional Coatings:

-Hot-End Coating:Applied pre-annealing (e.g., tin oxide for scratch resistance).

Cold-End Coating: Post-annealing (e.g., polyethylene or silicone oil for lubrication).

- Decorative Coatings: Matte, glossy, or pearlescent finishes.

2.2 Step-by-Step Process

1. Surface Pretreatment:

- Clean bottles; enhance adhesion via plasma treatment or flame priming.

2. Coating Setup:

- Spray Equipment: Electrostatic spray guns (for uniform coverage) or HVLP (High Volume Low Pressure) guns.

- Coating Mixing: Dilute to optimal viscosity (measured with a Ford cup).

3. Spray Application:

-Automated: Robotic arms follow programmed paths (speed: 0.5–1.5 m/s).

- Manual: Maintain 20–30 cm distance and 90° angle for even coating.

4. Curing/Drying:

- Thermal Curing: Conveyor oven (120–180°C for 10–20 minutes).

- UV Curing: Instant hardening under UV lamps (for UV coatings).

5. Quality Checks:

- Measure coating thickness (10–30 μm) with a micrometer.

- Test for defects (e.g., orange peel, runs) and abrasion resistance (Taber test).

3. Key Parameters & Troubleshooting

Screen Printing

| Issue | Cause | Solution |

|-------|-------|----------|

| Blurred Image | Incorrect squeegee pressure | Adjust pressure (3–5 kg/cm²) |

| Poor Adhesion | Dirty surface or under-curing | Improve cleaning or increase curing time/temperature